How to install and build cold storage for agricultural products？

‌China is an agricultural country with a large latitude, a vast sea area, rich soil conditions and a rich variety of agricultural products, which are divided into vegetables, meat, fresh, fruits, condiments, dry goods and so on。

The specific categories are as follows:1Vegetables: jackets, leafy vegetables, root vegetables, pods, edible fungi, bean sprouts, melons and fruits, cauliflower, water lettuce, Marine vegetables, etc., including jackets include tomatoes, eggplant, peppers, etc., leaf vegetables contain amaranth, lettuce, purse purse, etc., and root vegetables have carrots, bamboo shoots, lettuce and so on。2Meat: beef and mutton, chicken, goose, duck, etc。3Fresh: seafood, cold meat, cold water fish, etc。4Fruit: There are pear, green plum, apple, peach, apricot, walnut, plum, cherry, strawberry, sand fruit, red date and other varieties。5Condiments: soy sauce, vinegar, etc。6Dry goods: mushroom, fungus, sugar, etc。

This paper mainly introduces the cold storage processing technology of vegetables and fruits, leaf and stem agricultural products。

First, the importance of refrigeration and preservation of agricultural products:1, biological activity: agricultural products still maintain biological activity after picking, but also metabolic loss of their own nutrients, while by a variety of external microorganisms, enzymes and ripening gas decomposition and decay。2. Product sales area: China is a big country of logistics and transportation, with a wide supply chain of production areas. The origin of agricultural products can be divided into local sales and export sales, which requires timely pretreatment of agricultural products after picking to adapt to long-term preservation and losses caused by logistics。3, adjust the supply peak and price: properly extend the fresh activity of agricultural products, is conducive to regulating market supply and demand。Staggered supply peak value is affected by the market, while ensuring long-term supply。

Second, regulation of storage temperature of agricultural products:
Common fruits and vegetables preservation temperature: -5 ℃ ~ 10℃。Such as northeast Chinese cabbage, garlic seedlings, spinach、The suitable temperature of garlic moss is -1 ℃ ~ 1℃；Potatoes, at +2-+4℃；The optimum temperature of garlic moss is -2 ℃ ~ 0℃.The suitable temperature of peach fruit is 0℃ ~ 4℃;Strawberry 0℃ ~ 1℃;Watermelon 4℃ ~ 6℃;Bananas about 13℃;Citrus 3℃ ~ 6℃;Tomatoes, green peppers about 10℃;Carrot, cauliflower 0℃ or so;Ginger about 12℃;Northeast Chinese beanCucumber, tomato, etc. +7-+13℃；Northeast rice, Northeast millet and other grain rice 0℃ ~ 10℃。Northeast spring, autumn is relatively easy to reach this temperature, other seasons need to use cellar, cave ventilation and cooling, if long-term stable storage, you need long-term temperature constant in the storage temperature range, you need manual intervention mechanical refrigeration to complete。
Third, cold storage processing methods of agricultural products:

1. Frozen processing (quick-freezing machine mode, quick-freezing storage mode) :

Freezing processing refers to the cooling and freezing of meat and poultry, fish and eggs, and the refrigeration equipment often needs to be equipped with pre-cooling devices, freezing devices and quick-freezing devices。例如，Construction of quick-frozen sticky corn cold storageFrozen chicken, goose meatFrozen poultry storageFrozen beans need to use a quick-freezing device and freezing device, which is conducive to the rapid freezing of agricultural products at a low temperature of -30℃ -40 ℃ and below, so that the central temperature of the food reaches -18℃。After quick-frozen processing, it is stored in the refrigerated warehouse of agricultural products at -18 ° C - 25 ° C, and is transported long-distance by refrigerated trucks when exported to ensure the quality of frozen products。

2, frozen storage

Frozen storage refers to the cooling and freezing storage of agricultural products, as well as the increasingly mature fruit and vegetable gas regulation storage (CA storage).。General frozen processing food storage temperature and other types of cold storage the same。And vegetables and fruits agricultural products can use -5℃ -5℃ design, the specific scheme is as follows:

Design temperature range -5~5℃ : can store without asking agricultural products accurately adjust the storage temperature of agricultural products cold storage, according to the production and turnover to determine the storage capacity, the general refrigeration evaporator for the cold air mechanism cold, need to consider the cooling time and cooling load to determine, you can contact snow dragon refrigeration consultation design load。Temperature, humidity and disinfection requirements for the design of agricultural products cold storage: different vegetables and fruits correspond to different temperatures and optimal storage humidity, need to have temperature control and humidity control, as well as convenient cleaning and disinfection design, while designing water flushing and drip discharge sewage facilities。Insulation requirements: General agricultural products cold storage can choose polystyrene board, polyurethane library board, polyurethane foam, etc., the appearance needs to be clean design, it is best to waterproof treatment。The ground is generally hard design, and thermal insulation or similar thermal insulation materials can be made in advance to prevent the loss of ground cold sources。

Fourth, agricultural cold storage design and refrigeration unit configuration:

Agricultural cold storage and other types of cold storage, by cold storage civil insulation system, cold storage refrigeration system, cold storage power distribution and electric control system, gas regulation system。
In addition to quick-freezing and low-temperature storage cold storage, the most suitable preservation temperature for most other agricultural products is about 0℃。In addition to considering refrigeration, heating should also be considered in the cold winter in the northeast, and heating devices and separate chiller heating + air supply mode can be used to ensure that the cold storage temperature is within the design range to ensure that the storage of agricultural products does not occur freezing damage, and specific technical solutions can be consulted。